Skip to main content

The Racing Rules of Sailing

RRS 42 and RRS 45

Subscribe
Stefan Ibold
Nationality: Germany
Certifications:
  • National Judge
  • National Race Officer
The situation:
45 FD's are on the starting line 3 minutes before start.
One boat is near by the pin-end ( arr. 3 boatlenght in direction to the starting vessel and a half boatlenght behind the line) and the crew (frontman) is in the water (standing on the ground) fixing boat position.
RRS 42.1 says: Except when permitted in rule 42.3 or 45, a boat shall compete by using only the wind and water to increase, maintain or decrease her speed. Her crew may adjust the trim of sails and hull, and perform other acts of seamanship, but shall not otherwise move their bodies to propel the boat.
RRS 45 says: 45 HAULING OUT; MAKING FAST; ANCHORING
A boat shall be afloat and off moorings at her preparatory signal. Thereafter, she
shall not be hauled out or made fast except to bail out, reef sails or make repairs.
She may anchor or the crew may stand on the bottom. She shall recover the anchor
before continuing in the race unless she is unable to do so.

In my opinion it is an inpropper action under rule 42 because there was no emergency or an other incident to do so. The only reason was to fix the boat in a good position. But by reading the rules I can´t give a reasonable explenation according to the rules.
Who can help?

Thanks
Stefan

Created: Today 10:44

Comments

Format:
P
Angelo Guarino
Forum Moderator
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • Regional Judge
Stefan, boats can use RRS45 to maintain their position for strategic racing goals while racing.  No emergency required.  
Created: Today 10:55
P
John Allan
Nationality: Australia
Certifications:
  • National Race Officer
  • National Judge
  1. RRS 45 3rd sentence specifically permits the long established practice of a boat, once off her moorings, anchoring, for example to avoid the effects of a foul tide.  It is not a condition of the third sentence permission that she needs to bail out, reef sails or make repairs, which are conditions applicable to 'hauling out' or 'making fast' which are referred to in the second sentence and which are distinctly different from anchoring
  2. The 3rd sentence 2nd clause extends the permission of anchoring to he crew standing on the bottom, otherwise he crew standing on the bottom can be characterised as an alternative method of anchoring.
  3. RRS 42 does not 'switch off' his quite specific permission.
Created: Today 11:09
John Mooney
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • International Judge
  • National Judge
  • Regional Race Officer
Stefan, while I sympathize with your intuition that it's not very fair to hold position by standing on the bottom, Rule 45 really couldn't be clearer. If you want to eliminate that option for competitors, you'll have to change RRS 45 according to RRS 86.1 in the sailing instructions.
Created: Today 11:11
P
Angelo Guarino
Forum Moderator
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • Regional Judge
Simple mod actually.  

"SI #.# Except when complying with RRS 1.1, a boat shall not anchor nor may crew stand on the bottom, from her preparatory signal until her starting signal.   This changes RRS 45."

One could also make it shorter .. limit it to only the last min before the starting signal borrowing wording from 30.1,

 "... during the last minute before her starting signal..". 
Created: Today 15:47
Timo Engelberts
Nationality: Germany
Certifications:
  • National Judge
  • Regional Race Officer
My question on this topic is how RRS 45 and RRS 48.2 interact in the situation described. 

According to RRS 48.2,
No person on board shall intentionally leave, except when ill or injured, or to help a person or vessel in danger, or to swim.
This means that intentionally leaving the boat is prohibited unless one of these specific exceptions applies.

RRS 45 states:
She may anchor or the crew may stand on the bottom
This allows the crew to stand on the bottom once they are already in the water, but it does not itself permit leaving the boat.

In my view, these two rules must be read together:
Standing on the bottom is allowed under RRS 45, but only if the crew is already in the water for a permitted reason under RRS 48.2.

Therefore, intentionally leaving the boat with the purpose of standing on the bottom to hold or stabilize the boat is prohibited under RRS 48.2, even though RRS 45 allows standing on the bottom.

In my opinion, the only situation in which holding the boat while standing on the bottom is allowed is when the crew has left the boat unintentionally, for example due to an accident such as a capsize. In such a case, the crew did not violate RRS 48.2, and RRS 45 permits them to stand on the bottom while recovering the boat. 

For the situation described at the starting line, the crew member left the boat intentionally to fix the boat’s position. This is not an emergency, nor an accidental departure, nor swimming. Therefore, even though RRS 45 allows standing on the bottom, the action is not permitted because the way the crew entered the water violates RRS 48.2. 
Created: Today 12:32
P
Anthony Pelletier
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • Club Judge
  • Club Race Officer
Reply to: 22079 - Timo Engelberts
or to swim
The last phrase of 48.2 is "or to swim." So, the person could leave the boat to swim. Once s/he has done so, she is entitled to stand on the bottom. If you want to read the rules together, you have to read the whole rule. 
As others have pointed out, anchoring during a race is quite common in some distance races (Block Island Race comes to mind). I've anchored in that race and in the bay outside Ensenada to hold position against a tide once the wind died. 
I understand why holding your position at the start line by standing on the ground feels wrong to some. But I don't think it is precluded by the rules. 
I also think there are few cases where it is possible and makes sense to do this. 
Created: Today 15:24
Timo Engelberts
Nationality: Germany
Certifications:
  • National Judge
  • Regional Race Officer
@Athony Pelletier 
I think RRS 48.2 covers the entire action of being outside the boat.
So I do not believe that a sailor can leave the boat “to swim” and then perform a completely different action afterwards.

If that were allowed, the question becomes: when does swimming end and how long must the crew actually swim to comply with the rule? 



Created: Today 16:47
P
Angelo Guarino
Forum Moderator
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • Regional Judge
Timo, I'm with Anthony and the John's.  

"She may anchor or the crew may stand on the bottom."

Anchoring and crew standing on the bottom are used in the sentence as equivalent actions. 

That said .. I can see your argument that the way 48.2 is worded isn't clear relative to the connotation of 45. 

Maybe someone on the forum can ask for clarification from the Q&A Service.  I'd guess that they would say that intentionally going into the water to stand is encompassed within "to swim". 
Created: Today 19:14
Timo Engelberts
Nationality: Germany
Certifications:
  • National Judge
  • Regional Race Officer
I agree that the situation (holding the boat) is allowed under RRS 45.

However, the situation cannot be viewed in isolation; the steps leading up to it (the sailor entering the water) must also be considered. When the sailor enters the water intentionally, this action must comply with RRS 48.2. For me, swimming and holding the boat in position are two different actions.

Like Angelo, I would appreciate it if the question were forwarded to the Q&A service, and I am curious to see their answer. 
Created: Today 19:55
P
Angelo Guarino
Forum Moderator
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • Regional Judge
Timo re:"For me, swimming and holding the boat in position are two different actions."

I think "to swim" here is a very broad sense of purposely going into the water and remaining in the water. .. and if the water depth allows .. such a crew could stand on the bottom and not break a rule. 
Created: Today 20:47
You must be signed in to add a comment.
Cookies help us deliver our services. By using our services, you agree to our use of cookies. Learn more