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Protest Committee & Hearing Procedures

Should Vakaros racesence be part of standard Protest committees practice?

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Doc Sullivan
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • National Judge
  • Club Race Officer
  • National Umpire
As we all know the protestee and protestor along with their witnesses come to the table with different points of view.  While at a hypothetical event in upstate NY we had just that happen. As I am a big fan of the 15 minute protest or even better 3 minute justice we were stuck with figuring out who was telling the better story. After the hearing was closed, and one party showed up late with a snapshot of the situation we elected to go to the esteemed PRO to figure out if we were correct. What we found out was the whole race tracking ( accurate to 1/2 meter) is recorded and you can go to the incident and actually see how the boats acted and reacted with amazing accuracy. We reopened the hearing and changed our decision based on what we saw. 
Typically the protestor/protestee comes in with the evidence and arranges to have it seen. In this case neither the protestor or protestee knew how to do this and no one on the PC knew as well.  Having this knowledge prior to hearing testimony and witnesses could have made this 60+ minute process to a 15 minute discussion and we would have gotten the results right the first time 
What is the experience of others?  I would propose that standard practice would be this tracking information be a standard part of the protestor process to be viewed by the panel and protestor protestee before any questions are asked to expedite hearings and be more likely to get it right the first time 
Comments? Suggestions?
Doc
Created: Yesterday 12:56
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Thank you for raising this topic.
2026-08-28 - Al Sargent

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Angelo Guarino
Forum Moderator
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • Regional Judge
Doc .. I had a similar thought from a recent hearing with publicly available (YouTube broadcasted) drone footage of the incident.  I had a new judge on the panel so I followed the normal script .. but had we put that video up front .. as evidence presented by the PC .. things would have gone a lot quicker I think. 

We were prepared as a PC for the new judge to swap sides and present the video if neither party did.  In the end, one party eventually presented it, so no need for that step. 

PS: meaning above that if the entire panel was experienced judges, I may have suggested presenting the video up front. 
Created: Yesterday 13:01
It is a long time since I was in this game, but i can recall us considering reopening a hearing at a J70 Worlds based on the claim that the previous day's video recap told a different story. When we looked at the video we were happy to see that we got a complex situation correct. If there is suspicion of error a PC should do something about it, by whatever means available. I am sceptical of electronics accuracy, but in the event of grossly different stories a gps-based system, errors and all, may allow the correct choice.
Created: Yesterday 13:11
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Grant Baldwin
Certifications:
  • International Judge
  • National Umpire
Warren,

I remember that hearing well. Many parties, witnesses and LOTS of conflicting testimony. Though it was certainly satisfying to have our decision validated by the drone video the following morning, Vakaros data would have allowed the Jury to quickly process any testimony and conclude such a complex hearing without missing dinner.

I’m a fan.
Created: Yesterday 15:11
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John D. Farris
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • Regional Race Officer
  • Regional Judge
Doc, I agree, and we recently learned something about RaceSense that I think is worth adding to this discussion. After a recent hearing, I was asked to review a proposed reopening regarding the interpretation of the RaceSense replay. That led me to Doug Wake, RaceSense Director at Vakaros, with some deliberately open-ended technical questions about exactly what we are looking at on the screen.

One important thing we learned is that the animated boats are more than icons following GPS tracks. Their orientation is based on the device's magnetic heading, and the animation uses the geometry of the particular class, including hull shape, bow offset, and orientation. That's important because heading and course over ground are not the same thing. The GPS track tells us where the boat traveled; the magnetic heading tells us where the boat was pointing. Doug specifically cautioned against rotating a boat to make it tangent to its GPS track because that substitutes COG for the measured heading. Vakaros also told us that the displayed orientation should normally be relied upon unless there is an obvious reason to suspect magnetic interference or a calibration problem, which might show up as a boat apparently traveling sideways.

So I'm very much with you on making RaceSense evidence readily available to the parties and protest committee. But I think there's a second piece: we need to teach judges what the RaceSense data actually represents before we start treating the replay like instant replay in football. Otherwise, very precise data can still be interpreted incorrectly. I've put together a short technical guidance paper based on Doug's answers and have asked both Vakaros and the GYA Race Management Committee to review it before I circulate it more broadly.

This technology could absolutely help us get to your "15-minute protest" more often, but only if the people sitting around the table understand what they're looking at.

Created: Yesterday 13:14
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2026-08-28 - Al Sargent
Would suggest that there are two stages to each protest determination.  First, to establish the facts, to determine what actually happened.  Typically, this is done by each side stating their memories of what occurred.  Second, applying the Racing Rules of Sailing to the facts as accepted by the committee.

Vakaros RaceSense, or another GPS based track, of one or both boats movements, provides a substantial portion of the information needed to determine what happened.  Does not help with hails and other communications.   

Can't see any downside to using the data from Vakaros RaceSense, or another GPS based track, whenever available.   Similarly, for GoPro footage or video recorded.

What are the reasons for excluding such sources?

Note: John D. Farris said above "we need to teach judges what the RaceSense data actually represents".  Agreed.  
Created: Yesterday 13:25
Phil Pape
Certifications:
  • National Judge
  • National Umpire
My experience from a recent event where one skipper was able to produce the tracking information for his boat and the other sailor either didn't want to produce it or didn't have the skills. This was a simple RRS 10 where Starboard claimed an extreme alteration in course and Port offered that they had kept clear. We reviewed the tracking data but felt it didn't add anything to the facts. RRS 63.4(b). I would use caution when considering tracking information as I have seen first hand where 2 boats look like they collided where in fact it was a close crossing situation.

Created: Yesterday 15:40
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Kim Kymlicka
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • National Judge
  • National Umpire
Doc brings up a good point. Should we change our hearing procedure at events that use Vakaros (or similar)? I think yes. 

The question is at which point of the hearing should the evidence from the device be introduced? Should the PC ask after the validity portion: 'do you have the Vacaros track available and ready to present' at this point?
Could it replace the evidence presented verbally (and boat models) by both parties, therefore eliminating the “you tell what you saw” from both parties? Maybe. 
Have both boats tracks reviewed first and then, if any portion(s) of it is not to the satisfaction of the PC, have the parties add any ‘clarifying details’ by allowing each to ask questions of each other and include witnesses (cannot exclude them) and the PC as well. 

Some of it will then make it longer than desired, but if it is not clear, you are going into a longer hearing anyway.

Benefit: if the tracks give enough evidence to produce FF, then you have the15 minute hearing and dinner.

This will require additional equipment in the hearing room. TV with Internet access would be good to have; connecting video cables, etc. The OA will need to start thinking about this kind of evidence and provide the equipment. To have 5 Judges surrounding a 5” Apple/Android screen is hardly a proper way to judge evidence to produce FF. And we all do it, at times. (Different topic: should the Judges refuse to review an incident on less than the 12 “ screen, per Judges Manual?)

Experience with Vakaros. At relatively recent Westen Hemi and Asia Champs and Nationals, the Vakaros evidence was helpful in two instances and made the hearings relatively short.

At a pre-World Champs regatta, a boat during a hearing dismissed the PC’s request to see the track with: ‘it only an orange line going thru the bay’ and never produced it. The PC had an experienced Judge on the panel that was familiar with the app and it could have expedited the hearing. 
Created: Yesterday 17:10
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Angelo Guarino
Forum Moderator
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • Regional Judge
Regarding Vakaros .. there are a few items to stick in your cap. 

Our Annapolis J105 Fleet, in conjunction with Annapolis YC and Eastport YC, have adopted the RaceSense system.  Along with that the other major J105 fleet in SanFran did so as well. 

As was said, the compasses are very sensitive to being taken "out of whack" (technical term).  So much so that, before each day of racing, they recommend calibrating the compass each time (which I do).  This is divergent from what most people are familiar with where you calibrate your boat's compass once and your done.  If this calibration isn't done correctly, the boat's orientation will be off on the plots.  It will appear as if it is sailing cocked/sideways. 

Also, yes the RS/Vakaros system has the outlines of many boats, but the representation of those boat outlines will be reliant on the display tool used.  Many people/companies are developing their own viewing platforms.  One of my fleet members built his own.  So when viewing the data, be sure you understand what viewer is being used and how the boat outline is represented and scaled. 

PS: In other words .. always remember that what you are viewing is someone's representation of data-streams of 1's and 0's.  The choices made by the viewer-designer will affect what you are seeing. 
Created: Yesterday 19:00
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2026-08-28 - Al Sargent
Dan Bowman
Nationality: United States
Certifications:
  • Race Officer In Training
Velocitek published a study of the Vakaros equipment showing a 1+ meter inaccuracy.  Velocitek's point was that without a fixed base station on land that the RC sensors uses to triangulate and correct for drift and timing that this was not a solvable issue because, physics.  If Velocitek is correct 1+ meter is not an insubstantial error.
Created: Yesterday 20:10
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Benjamin Harding
Nationality: Hong Kong
Certifications:
  • International Judge
  • National Judge
If technology exists then we should use it!  It's not going away.

However, we should fully understand/educate users and build it in properly to our process. (Doc's question...John Ferris' guide.)

A simple example of understanding is the accuracy/confidence level.  1-meter accuracy (95% confidence) means the distance between the 2 units may be 1.4 meters wrong.  For Optimists this is more than half a boat length.   The tracking software might say the boats are 2 meters apart, but mathematically, the actual gap could be anywhere from 0.6 meters to 3.4 meters.   
This is not accurate enough for some rules scenarios.

(I have an example of a protest where the tracker (normal GPS) did not show the Optimist tacked and the protestee used that as a basis of a very compelling defence.  However, Jury had a video which clearly did show the tack, and was able to make the correct decision.  Had the jury relied on the tracker, the decision would have been wrong.)

Perhaps WS should be publishing guidance / limitations of use of digital evidence.  Put it in the judges manual perhaps.  With a list of tested systems even.
digital_evidence_sailing_protests-v6.pdf 8.04 KB
(See the PDF as an example.)

In answer to Doc's question then... 

As for the hearing process, RRS 63.4(b) allows the protest committee to take 'any other evidence it considers necessary'.  This opens the door to evidence not supplied by the parties. In which case, I don't see anything wrong with PC having access to tracker data - so long as they understand the limitations of them.  e.g. If the tracker is not on the white-list, then accuracy must be presumed to be X. 

  1. I would announce this during the preliminaries (same time as PC witness declaration)
  2. and introduce the evidence at after the opening testimonies.
    1. "Having heard both of your opening testimonies, we will now show the digital evidence we mentioned earlier."

The interjection at that early point might save a whole load of questions and witnesses and thus time.
Created: Today 03:10
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