Forum: The Racing Rules of Sailing

Which way to cross finish line where course altered by land?

Michael Moradzadeh
200
Tips
Suppose you have a finish line, and the prior mark is on the opposite side of some land.
If the land is ignored, the direction to cross the line would be North to South, BUT the land alters the direction a boat must sail, so the natural crossing would be South to North.

My view is that the latter is the correct way to finish, but I am being challenged on this and would welcome your views.

EDIT UPDATE. Of course, as soon as I posted this I finally read the revised case 145 which states in part "the imaginary string is only influenced, constrained or ‘caught’ by the marks that begin, bound or end each leg of the course established and described by the race committee. Islands, headlands, shallow water or other non-navigable water do not influence, constrain or ‘catch’ the taut string."

That seems to close the question, so now we get to the question of how to fix this (to my view) inane ruling. Sailing instructions should perhaps state "A boat shall not sail over land on any leg of the course".  The problem would plague not only a finish line question but also creating a need to circle some marks where the "string" has been moved away from the course.

Here are two alternate views of the same course from mark RBAY to the finish.
Created: Tue 17:35

Comments

Format:
Eric Rimkus
Nationality: United States
Just add BV as a mark of the course; problem solved.
Created: Tue 17:54
Michael Moradzadeh
Of course. But where the RC failed to do that, what is the Racer to do?
Created: Tue 19:02
Eric Rimkus
Nationality: United States
The finish is crossed from the course side. The course side in your scenario is different than the direction from the last mark due to the land. Am I missing something in the rules that defines that the finish is directly from the previous mark?
Created: Tue 18:13
Michael Moradzadeh
Well, that was my view also, but then a fellow race officer disagreed and, according to case 145, he is right. Which really pisses me off.
Created: Tue 19:22
Kirsteen Donaldson
What about this one?  The standard course for the Azores and back race (1170 nautical miles, Falmouth, UK, to Ponto Delgada on the south side of Sao Miguel in the Azores) allows boats to choose which way round the island to go to finish (crossing the line from south to north), and the reverse to start the return leg, crossing the line from north to south and then choosing whether to turn left or right. As you can see from the image of the 2023 start, different boats had different opinions as to which was better!  I don't recall how the course was described in the sailing instructions. 

image.png 967 KB
Created: Tue 18:29
John Christman
Nationality: United States
You don't show how they set the other end of the finish line.  Did they set it perpendicular to the course from BV to the finish, which would be parallel to the course from RBAY to the finish, or did they set it perpendicular to the course from RBAY to the finish line, which would be parallel to the course from BV to the finish?  Until you know how they set the line, you can't tell how the racers should cross it.  But purposefully setting the line in a way that defies common sense based on an interpretation of a WS Case seems to be very poor RC procedure.
Created: Tue 19:40
Michael Moradzadeh
Excellent point. And I am deliberately setting a bad course here for illustration purposes.  In this case, I would normally set the course pretty much square to the course from the tip of the island.  It should be crossed one way from the island, and the other way from the prior mark.

If, I suppose, you set the mark on a north-south line, it would not matter. But that is not the point of the inquiry. The real issue I had was whether to ignore the land. Stupid case 145 stupidly says yes, ignore land.
Created: Tue 19:53
Eric Rimkus
Nationality: United States

Reply to: 19634 - Eric Rimkus
Well, that was my view also, but then a fellow race officer disagreed and, according to case 145, he is right. Which really pisses me off.
I don't see where you get that Case 145 (since its been removed I assume you're talking about the 21-24 version) doesn't absolutely support your (and my) understanding.

https://www.racingrulesofsailing.org/cases/2177

I don't see where any of the proposed changes to case 145 for 25-28 have been accepted.
Created: Tue 19:57
Michael Moradzadeh
Okay, I got that language off this site, but if I was using the wrong version, that's great.  I shall dig deeper.

Update.  This racingrulesofsailing.org does not reflect that 145 had been withdrawn.  I see references to the withdrawal, but the case book on the world sailing site still lists it.
Sheesh.
Created: Tue 20:03
Eric Rimkus
Nationality: United States
Ahhh... just found the 25-28 case, sorry, my error. Still doesn't change that the "course side" of the line is from the navigable direction. When the line is drawn taught it will still satisfy the sailed the course rule with the finish in an east-west orientation from your course diagram. I still fail to see how anyone could interpret that the line should be oriented any other way than square to the navigable course.
Created: Tue 20:13
P
Paul Evenden
Nationality: Canada
In the definition of Finish, there is this last line. " The sailing instructions may change the direction in which boats are required to cross the finishing line to finish." After much discussion with other RO's and Judges for clarification, this line allows you to amend  the 'direction from the last mark' in the sailing instructions to one that fits for this situation. 
Created: Tue 20:16
Eric Rimkus
Nationality: United States
Where in the RRS does it say the 'direction from the last mark'?
Created: Tue 20:19
Wayne Balsiger
Nationality: United States
I was reading this thread watching for this answer that the SI can specify how to cross the finish line. I would have added it if not already here.
Created: Tue 23:24
P
Paul Evenden
Nationality: Canada
Okay, from the course side. I knew what I meant! LOL
Created: Tue 20:37
Eric Rimkus
Nationality: United States
Agree, but I think this is why people are having such a struggle with this. The RRS don't say "from the last mark" anymore, they stay "from the course side". In many distance races or non-buoy races the finish is often oriented, as in this case, other than square to the "last mark", but they are square to the course because shallows, obstructions and land define the "course" as much as marks do.
Created: Tue 20:59
Matt Sargent
Let’s go reduction ad absurdum on this….

Imagine that the finish line is set exactly parallel (points at) to the direction of the last mark (I know it says course now but bear with me….)

There is nothing to indicate whether you Shapiro’s pass through it from roughly north to south or roughly south to north.

Logically it would be south to north once you rounded the headland.

But imagine that the tide had swept competitors north…..

I can’t see how a north to south finish could be considered invalid in these circumstances.
Created: Tue 21:38
Eric Rimkus
Nationality: United States
That would not be from the course side.
Created: Tue 21:46
Matt Sargent
But the course side is not defined by the headland - or have I got the case change the wrong way round?
Created: Tue 22:41
Eric Rimkus
Nationality: United States
Ask yourself this, "how is the course side NOT defined by the headland?" Since you can't sail over land, the course obviously comes from the last navigable point. And since "course side" is not defined in the RRS, apply the dictionary meaning, which would support the logical answer.

The case just says for the definition of "sail the course" the taught string is only constrained by the marks; it is not impacted by areas that are not navigable. However, the case specifically points out that a boat can not sail across land.

Question 1
Must the string described in the definition Sail the Course, when drawn taut, lie in navigable water only?

Answer 1
No. A boat’s track cannot pass over land or through waters that are not navigable; however, the string that represents that track has a requirement to be ‘drawn taut’. This is a test used to determine whether or not a boat has sailed the course. When the string is drawn taut, or pulled tight, the imaginary string is only influenced, constrained or ‘caught’ by the marks that begin, bound or end each leg of the course established and described by the race committee. Islands, headlands, shallow water or other non-navigable water do not influence, constrain or ‘catch’ the taut string.

I would argue that the string rule and course side are two separate tests.
Created: Tue 23:08
Matt Sargent
But if the string test is different then the finish direction question (as I am trying to illustrate) is unresolvable if the line points at the last mark.
Created: Tue 23:16
Eric Rimkus
Nationality: United States
If the finish line is parallel with a line to the last mark across land and square to the navigable part of that land, then a boat that finishes from the course side, when the string is drawn taught, sails the course. The string goes over land and touches the mark and passes between the finish marks from the direction of the course side.
Created: Wed 01:34
John Standley
Nationality: Australia
The definition of finish was changed in the 2025-28 book and the words 'The sailing instructions may change the direction in which boats are required to cross the finishing line to finish'. As I understand this was done to allow RC's to cover this exact situation.
It is just necessary to wite the SI's accordingly.
Created: Wed 01:03
P
Kim Kymlicka
The change of direction to finish may be due to the nature of Case 82. If the SI's clearly write this, then there is no questions or arguments.
Kim
Created: Wed 02:44
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